- Florian.Cramer

 libro on line, 2005

WORDS MADE FLESH, CODE, CULTURE, IMAGINATION

 http://pzwart.wdka.hro.nl/mdr/research/fcramer/wordsmadeflesh/

Executable code existed centuries before the invention of the computer in magic, Kabbalah, musical composition and experimental poetry. These practices are often neglected as a historical pretext of contemporary software culture and electronic arts. Above all, they link computations to a vast speculative imagination that encompasses art, language, technology, philosophy and religion. These speculations in turn inscribe themselves into the technology. Since even the most simple formalism requires symbols with which it can be expressed, and symbols have cultural connotations, any code is loaded with meaning. This booklet writes a small cultural history of imaginative computation, reconstructing both the obsessive persistence and contradictory mutations of the phantasm that symbols turn physical, and words are made flesh.

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 saggio, 2004

Digital Code and Literary Text

This paper is based on the general (yet disputable) assumption that the theoretical debate of literature in digital networks has shifted, just as the poetic practices it is shaped after, from perceiving computer data as an extension and transgression of textuality (as manifest in such notions as ''hypertext'', ''hyperfiction'', ''hyper-/ multimedia'') towards paying attention to the very codedness - i.e. textuality - of digital systems themselves. Several phenomena may serve as empirical evidence:

• The early focus of conceptualist Net.art on the aesthetics and politics of code;
• in turn, the impact of Net.art aesthetics on experimental literature / poetry in the Internet;
• the close discooursive affinity of Net.art to political activism in the Internet;
• the close aesthetic affinity of Net.art to a the languages and codes of an older, technically oriented ''hacker'' culture (of Chaos Computer Club, 2600, and others);
• a convergence of the three cultures mentioned above - Net.art, net activism and hacker culture;
• (a) Free/Open Source Software and/or (b) open network protocols as key discursive, political and aesthetical issues in all these camps;
• finally, the impact of hacker aesthetics, Net.art aesthetics, code aesthetics and network protocol aesthetics on contemporary writing in the Internet. (See the work of mez, Alan Sondheim, Talan Memmott, Ted Warnell and others.)

The question is how ''Codeworks'' (Alan Sondheim) fit notions of text that were crafted without digital code - most importantly: machine-executable digital code - in mind, and vice versa. Is it a coincidence that, in their poetical appropriation of low-level Internet codes, codeworks ended up aesthetically resembling concrete poetry? And, apart from aesthetic resemblances, how do computer programs relate to literature? Is that what is currently being discussed as ''Software Art'' a literary genre?

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