Section V of Computer Science and the Role of Government in Creating the Internet: ARPA/IPTO (1962-1986)

As early as 1960, the Internet pioneer J. C. R. Licklider stated: " In due course [the computer] will be part of the formulation of problems: part of real-time thinking, problemsolving, doing of research, conducting of experiments, getting into the literature and finding references... And it will mediate and facilitate communication among human beings. Licklider expressed the hope that the computer “ through its contribution to formulative thinking... will help us understand the structure of ideas, the nature of intellectual processes. The “most important present function of the digital computer in the university should be to catalyse the development of computer science.

Community Memory was the world's first public computerized bulletin board system. It was created by Efrem Lipkin, Mark Szpakowski, and Lee Felsenstein, acting as the Community Memory Project. Lee took care of hardware, Efrem software, and Mark user interface and information husbandry. A second incarnation of Community Memory, aimed at creating a global information network, appeared in the later seventies. Its major players were Efrem Lipkin and Ken Colstad.